Skullcap, Official

American Skullcap

Scutellaria lateriflora

Botanical Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Botanical Description

Scutellaria lateriflora is a delicate perennial growing 30-60cm tall in moist, shaded habitats. The square stems bear opposite, toothed, heart-shaped to lance-shaped leaves. Small, blue to lavender flowers appear in one-sided racemes along the stem (hence “lateriflora” – side-flowering). The calyx has a distinctive cap-like appendage that looks like a small helmet or skull cap, giving the plant its common name.

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Nervine tonic, anxiolytic, antispasmodic, mild sedative.

Traditional uses: Native American tribes used skullcap for nervous conditions, to promote menstruation, and for ceremonial purposes. In 19th-century America, it was called “mad-dog weed” from its use treating rabies symptoms (not effective for rabies itself).

Modern use: Highly valued as a gentle nervine for anxiety, nervous tension, insomnia, and stress-related conditions. Works well combined with other calming herbs.

Body Systems Affected

Nervous: Primary affinity – calms the nervous system, eases anxiety, supports restful sleep.

Musculoskeletal: Antispasmodic properties help with nervous tension held in muscles.

Reproductive: Traditionally used for premenstrual nervous tension.

Safety Information

Generally very safe when used appropriately. One of the gentler nervines.

Adulteration concern: Historically, skullcap has been adulterated with germander (Teucrium), which is hepatotoxic. Purchase only from reputable sources.

Pregnancy/Nursing: Avoid during pregnancy (traditional emmenagogue effects). Limited data for nursing.

Drug interactions: May potentiate sedatives and anti-anxiety medications.

Side effects: Large doses may cause giddiness, confusion, or twitching.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 4-8. Native to North American wetlands.

Light: Partial shade to full sun (with adequate moisture).

Soil: Rich, moist soil. Tolerates wet conditions.

Sowing: Cold stratify seeds for 2-4 weeks before sowing. Surface sow as seeds need light.

Spacing: 30cm apart. Spreads by rhizomes to form colonies.

Harvesting

Part used: Aerial parts (leaves and flowering tops).

When to harvest: During flowering, typically mid to late summer.

Method: Cut the upper third of the plant.

Drying & Storage

Dry quickly at 35°C (95°F) to preserve the delicate constituents. The herb should remain green when properly dried. Store in airtight containers away from light. Best used within 1 year. Fresh plant tincture is often considered superior.