Tulsi, Temperate — Holy Basil

Tulsi (Holy Basil)

Ocimum tenuiflorum (syn. O. sanctum)

Botanical Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Botanical Description

Ocimum tenuiflorum is an aromatic perennial shrub (grown as annual in cool climates) reaching 30-60cm. Stems are hairy and often purple-tinged. Leaves are oval, slightly toothed, and highly aromatic with a complex scent combining clove, lemon, and pepper notes. Small purple or white flowers appear in terminal spikes. Three main varieties exist: Rama (green leaves), Krishna (purple leaves), and Vana (wild forest type).

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Adaptogen, immunomodulant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, carminative, nervine, expectorant.

Traditional uses: In Ayurveda, tulsi is called “The Incomparable One” and is considered a manifestation of the goddess Lakshmi. It is grown in most Hindu households as a sacred and medicinal plant. Used for respiratory conditions, stress, digestion, and as a daily health tonic.

Modern research: Studies confirm adaptogenic, anti-stress effects. Shown to modulate cortisol, support blood sugar balance, and provide antioxidant protection.

Body Systems Affected

Nervous: Adaptogenic – helps body cope with physical and mental stress; calms anxiety.

Respiratory: Expectorant and antimicrobial; traditional remedy for coughs and colds.

Immune: Immunomodulant; supports overall immune function.

Cardiovascular: Supports healthy blood pressure and cholesterol.

Metabolic: Helps balance blood sugar levels.

Safety Information

Excellent safety profile with thousands of years of daily use in India.

Pregnancy: Some sources advise caution during pregnancy due to potential effects on uterine contractions. Consult a practitioner.

Blood thinners: May have mild anticoagulant effects; use caution with blood-thinning medications.

Fertility: Animal studies suggest possible anti-fertility effects; those trying to conceive may wish to avoid.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 10-11 as perennial; grow as annual elsewhere. Frost-sensitive.

Light: Full sun.

Soil: Well-drained, moderately fertile soil.

Sowing: Start indoors 6-8 weeks before last frost. Seeds need warmth (20-25°C) to germinate. Do not cover – needs light.

Spacing: 30-45cm apart.

Harvesting

Part used: Leaves and flowering tops.

When to harvest: Throughout growing season; best just before flowering.

Method: Pinch or cut stems regularly to encourage bushy growth.

Drying & Storage

Dry quickly at 35°C (95°F) to preserve volatile oils and green color. Store in airtight containers away from light. Use within 1 year for best flavor and potency. Makes excellent daily tea.