Hawthorn, Singleseed hawthorn

Hawthorn

Crataegus monogyna

Botanical Family: Rosaceae (Rose family)

Botanical Description

Crataegus monogyna is a thorny shrub or small tree growing 5-15 meters tall. The deeply lobed leaves have 3-7 lobes. Clusters of fragrant white flowers (with a somewhat fishy undertone) appear in spring, followed by red berries (haws) in autumn. Sharp thorns line the branches.

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Cardiotonic, hypotensive, antioxidant, anxiolytic, astringent.

Traditional uses: Used in European folk medicine for heart conditions for centuries. In the 19th century, Irish physician Dr. Green brought it to wider medical attention. Both berries and flowering tops are used.

Modern research: Extensive clinical evidence supports use for mild heart failure, improving cardiac output, and reducing blood pressure. Acts by dilating coronary arteries and improving heart muscle function.

Body Systems Affected

Cardiovascular: Primary affinity – strengthens heart muscle, improves circulation, helps regulate blood pressure (both high and low).

Nervous: Calming effect; traditionally used for emotional heart issues (grief, anxiety).

Digestive: Astringent; berries used for diarrhea.

Safety Information

Very safe – one of the safest heart remedies.

Heart medications: May enhance effects of cardiac glycosides (digoxin) and blood pressure medications. Consult a practitioner if on heart medications.

Slow acting: Effects develop gradually over weeks to months of use.

Pregnancy: Generally considered safe but consult a practitioner.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 4-8. Very cold hardy.

Light: Full sun to partial shade.

Soil: Adaptable; tolerates various soils including clay.

Sowing: Seeds require scarification and cold stratification (18 months total is common). Patience required!

Spacing: 3-5 meters apart (becomes a tree).

Harvesting

Flowering tops: Harvest in spring when in full bloom.

Berries: Harvest in autumn when fully red but before frost.

Leaves: Can be harvested throughout growing season.

Drying & Storage

Dry flowering tops quickly at 35°C (95°F). Berries can be dried (slowly, at 40°C) or used fresh. Store in airtight containers for up to 1 year.