Juniperus communis

Juniperus communis

Plant Family

Cupressaceae

Botanical Description

Common Juniper is an evergreen shrub or small tree varying from prostrate to 10 meters tall. Sharp, needle-like leaves in whorls of three. Berry-like cones take 2-3 years to ripen from green to blue-black.

Cautions

Not during pregnancy - may stimulate uterus. Not for kidney disease. Not for long-term use. Essential oil not for internal use.

Habitat

Heaths, moorlands, rocky hillsides, open woodlands.

Harvest Instructions

Ripe (blue-black) berries harvested in autumn. Takes 2-3 years to ripen.

Geographic Distribution

Circumpolar in northern hemisphere. Very widespread including Iceland, Europe, Asia, and North America.

Growth Conditions

Full sun. Well-drained, poor to moderately fertile soil. Very hardy and drought tolerant.

Plant Size

Prostrate to 10 m

Effects on the Body

Stimulates urine flow, relieves gas and bloating, antimicrobial. Traditional use for joint pain and digestive complaints.

Active Constituents

Essential oil (alpha-pinene, sabinene, myrcene), flavonoids, tannins, resin, vitamin C.

Safety Information

Dosage

Crushed berries: 1-2 g as tea. Not for long-term use. Used as culinary spice.

Culinary Use

Essential flavoring for gin. Used in game dishes, sauerkraut, and Northern European cuisine. Pairs well with pork and venison.

Folklore & Historical Use

Burned to purify and protect. Used in folk medicine across Europe. Sacred tree in many traditions.

Scientific Research

European Medicines Agency approves traditional use for minor urinary complaints and dyspepsia. Contains monoterpenes with documented diuretic and antimicrobial effects. Contraindicated in kidney disease and pregnancy.