Carum carvi

Carum carvi

Plant Family

Apiaceae

Botanical Description

Caraway is a biennial plant growing 30-60 cm tall with finely divided feathery leaves and umbels of small white or pink flowers. The crescent-shaped seeds are the primary part used.

Cautions

Generally safe. Essential oil not for internal use undiluted. Caution during pregnancy in medicinal amounts.

Habitat

Meadows, roadsides, waste ground. Often cultivated.

Geographic Distribution

Native to Europe and western Asia including Iceland. Widely cultivated.

Growth Conditions

Full sun. Well-drained, fertile soil.

Plant Size

30-60 cm

Body Systems

Digestive

Effects on the Body

Relieves gas, bloating, and digestive spasms. Traditionally used for colic and to promote milk production.

Active Constituents

Essential oil (carvone, limonene), flavonoids, fixed oil, protein.

Safety Information

Dosage

Seeds: 1-2 g crushed, as tea or chewed. Safe culinary use.

Culinary Use

Essential spice in rye bread, sauerkraut, and Nordic cuisine. Used in cheese, liqueurs (kummel), and meat dishes.

Folklore & Historical Use

One of the oldest cultivated spices. Seeds found in 5000-year-old archaeological sites.

Scientific Research

European Medicines Agency approves for dyspeptic complaints including bloating and flatulence. Multiple clinical trials support carminative effects. German Commission E approves for dyspeptic complaints.