Cetraria islandica

Cetraria islandica

Plant Family

Parmeliaceae

Botanical Description

Iceland Moss is a lichen (not a true moss) with erect, branched, leathery thalli 4-12 cm tall. Color varies from olive-brown to grey-green, often with white spots. The edges are fringed with small projections.

Cautions

Generally safe. Bitter compounds should be removed by soaking before eating. Not recommended during pregnancy without guidance.

Habitat

Arctic and mountainous regions, heathlands, open woodlands on well-drained, acidic soil.

Harvest Instructions

Harvest sustainably by taking only portions of colonies. Grows slowly. Best harvested when dry.

Geographic Distribution

Circumpolar in northern regions. Very common in Iceland. Also found in Scandinavia, Scotland, and alpine areas.

Growth Conditions

Cool climate, clean air, well-drained acidic soil. Sensitive to air pollution.

Plant Size

4-12 cm

Pests & Diseases

Sensitive to air pollution. No significant pests.

Effects on the Body

Soothes mucous membranes (especially respiratory and digestive), supports immune function, antimicrobial. Traditionally used for coughs, digestive complaints, and as nutritive food.

Active Constituents

Polysaccharides (lichenin, isolichenin - up to 50%), usnic acid, lichen acids (cetraric acid), protolichesterinic acid.

Safety Information

Dosage

Tea/decoction: 1-2 teaspoons dried lichen simmered in water 10-15 minutes. For food use, soak in several changes of water to remove bitterness.

Culinary Use

Traditional food in Iceland, especially during famine. Used in porridge, bread, and soups after removing bitter compounds by soaking. Very nutritious.

Folklore & Historical Use

Important survival food in Iceland for centuries. Exported to Europe as medicine. Called 'Fjallagrös' (mountain grass) in Icelandic.

Scientific Research

European Medicines Agency approves traditional use for irritation of oral and pharyngeal mucosa and dry cough. Clinical study (n=61) showed Iceland moss lozenges effective for post-surgical dry throat. Multi-center post-marketing study of 3,143 children showed positive results for upper respiratory tract symptoms.