Trifolium pratense

Trifolium pratense

Plant Family

Fabaceae

Botanical Description

Red Clover is a perennial plant growing 20-80 cm tall with trifoliate leaves marked with a pale chevron pattern. Globular pink to red flower heads appear from May to September.

Cautions

Contains phytoestrogens - avoid in hormone-sensitive conditions, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. May interact with blood thinners and hormone therapies. Discontinue 2 weeks before surgery.

Habitat

Meadows, pastures, roadsides, lawns.

Harvest Instructions

Flower heads harvested when fully open, typically in morning. Dry quickly at low temperature.

Geographic Distribution

Native to Europe and Western Asia. Naturalized worldwide.

Growth Conditions

Full sun to partial shade. Moist, well-drained soil. Fixes nitrogen in soil.

Plant Size

20-80 cm

Effects on the Body

Blood purifying, supports skin health, contains phytoestrogens that may help with menopausal symptoms. Traditional use for skin conditions and coughs.

Active Constituents

Isoflavones (formononetin, biochanin A, genistein, daidzein), coumarins, flavonoids, salicylates.

Safety Information

Dosage

Tea: 1-2 teaspoons dried flowers in hot water, steep 10-15 minutes. Tincture: 2-4 ml three times daily.

Culinary Use

Flowers can be added to salads. Young leaves edible. Flowers used to make wine and tea.

Folklore & Historical Use

Four-leaf clovers are considered lucky. Associated with the Celtic goddess Brigid. Traditional remedy for skin conditions.

Scientific Research

Clinical trials support use for menopausal symptoms. A 2015 Cochrane review found some evidence for reduction in hot flashes with isoflavone-rich extracts. European Medicines Agency approves for menopausal complaints.