Urtica dioica

Urtica dioica

Plant Family

Urticaceae

Botanical Description

Stinging Nettle is a perennial herb growing 60-200 cm tall with opposite, heart-shaped, serrated leaves covered in stinging hairs. Greenish flowers in drooping clusters.

Cautions

Raw plant causes skin irritation. Generally safe when cooked or dried. May interact with blood thinners, blood pressure and diabetes medications.

Habitat

Waste ground, gardens, hedgerows, woodland edges, areas rich in nitrogen.

Harvest Instructions

Young tops harvested in spring before flowering. Wear gloves. Roots harvested in autumn.

Geographic Distribution

Native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Naturalized worldwide.

Growth Conditions

Partial shade to full sun. Rich, moist soil. Indicator of nitrogen-rich soil.

Plant Size

60-200 cm

Effects on the Body

Powerful diuretic, anti-inflammatory for joints, highly nutritious. Root supports prostate health. May help with allergies.

Active Constituents

Vitamins A, C, K, iron, calcium, silica, chlorophyll, flavonoids, histamine, formic acid, sterols.

Safety Information

Dosage

Tea: 2-4 teaspoons dried leaves, steep 10-15 minutes. Root: 2-4 ml tincture. Cooked greens: as food.

Culinary Use

Young tops cooked like spinach. Used in soups, pasta, tea. Rich in protein and minerals. Must be cooked or dried to remove sting.

Folklore & Historical Use

Used for thousands of years for food, fiber, and medicine. Roman soldiers reportedly flogged themselves with nettles to stay warm.

Scientific Research

Extensive clinical research. Multiple randomized controlled trials support use for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms - comparable to finasteride in one trial. European Medicines Agency approves for BPH, arthritis symptoms, and as a diuretic.