Verbascum thapsus

Verbascum thapsus

Plant Family

Scrophulariaceae

Botanical Description

Great Mullein is a biennial plant. First year forms a rosette of large, soft, woolly grey-green leaves. Second year produces a tall flower spike up to 2 meters covered with yellow flowers. Entire plant is covered in soft hairs.

Cautions

Generally safe. Strain tea well to remove fine hairs which can irritate throat. Not recommended during pregnancy without professional guidance.

Habitat

Roadsides, waste ground, dry meadows, disturbed areas. Pioneer species.

Harvest Instructions

Leaves harvested in first year or early second year. Flowers picked as they open. Dry carefully.

Geographic Distribution

Native to Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Naturalized in North America and Australia.

Growth Conditions

Full sun. Well-drained, poor to moderately fertile soil. Drought tolerant. Prefers alkaline conditions.

Plant Size

Up to 2 meters (flowering spike)

Effects on the Body

Soothes respiratory passages, loosens mucus, reduces inflammation. Flower oil is traditional remedy for ear infections.

Active Constituents

Mucilage, saponins, flavonoids (hesperidin, verbascoside), iridoids, essential oil.

Safety Information

Dosage

Tea: 1-2 teaspoons dried leaves or flowers in hot water, steep 10-15 minutes, strain through fine cloth. Ear oil: 2-3 drops warmed mullein flower oil.

Culinary Use

Not typically used in cooking.

Folklore & Historical Use

Ancient torch plant - dried stalks were dipped in tallow and burned. Believed to ward off evil spirits and used in witchcraft.

Scientific Research

European Medicines Agency approves traditional use for sore throat and cough. Demulcent properties from mucilage are well-documented. Contains saponins, flavonoids, and iridoid glycosides.