Mullein, common

Mullein

Verbascum thapsus

Botanical Family: Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family)

Botanical Description

Verbascum thapsus is a striking biennial. First-year plants form a rosette of large, soft, densely woolly grey-green leaves that feel like velvet. In the second year, a tall flower spike (up to 2 meters) emerges, covered with yellow, five-petaled flowers that open a few at a time over weeks. The entire plant is covered with fine, branched hairs that give it its characteristic fuzzy appearance.

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Expectorant, demulcent, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, mild sedative.

Traditional uses: Used for centuries across Europe, Asia, and by Native Americans for respiratory complaints. The soft leaves were smoked for asthma and coughs. Flower-infused oil is a traditional remedy for ear infections.

Modern applications: Used for coughs, bronchitis, sore throat, and congestion. Mullein flower oil remains popular for ear discomfort.

Body Systems Affected

Respiratory: Primary affinity – soothes irritated airways, helps clear mucus, calms coughs.

Lymphatic: Traditionally used for swollen glands.

Auditory: Mullein flower oil used for ear discomfort (only with intact eardrum).

Safety Information

Very safe herb with no significant toxicity concerns.

Important: Always strain mullein tea through fine cloth or coffee filter to remove the fine hairs, which can irritate the throat.

Ear oil: NEVER put oil in ears if eardrum may be perforated. Consult a healthcare provider for ear problems.

Pregnancy/Nursing: Generally considered safe.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 3-9. Very adaptable.

Light: Full sun.

Soil: Poor, dry, well-drained soil. Thrives in neglect.

Sowing: Surface sow in autumn or spring – seeds need light. Self-sows readily once established.

Spacing: 45-60cm apart.

Harvesting

Leaves: Harvest first-year rosette leaves or second-year stem leaves before flowering.

Flowers: Pick individual flowers as they open (they last only one day). For ear oil, collect on dry, sunny mornings.

Drying & Storage

Leaves dry slowly due to their thickness – ensure good airflow at 35°C (95°F). Flowers can be dried or infused fresh in olive oil for ear oil. Store dried herb in airtight containers for up to 1 year.