Prunella vulgaris

Self-Heal

Prunella vulgaris

Botanical Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Botanical Description

Prunella vulgaris is a low-growing perennial herb reaching 10-30cm in height. The square stems (characteristic of the mint family) bear opposite, oval to lance-shaped leaves with slightly toothed margins. Dense cylindrical flower spikes appear from early summer, displaying tubular purple-violet flowers with a distinctive hooded upper lip. The plant spreads via creeping stolons, forming dense mats over time.

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Vulnerary (wound healing), astringent, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antimicrobial, immunomodulant.

Traditional uses: The common names “self-heal” and “heal-all” reflect centuries of use for wound treatment. European and Chinese traditions both prize this herb. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is called Xia Ku Cao and used to clear liver fire and brighten the eyes.

Modern research: Studies have identified rosmarinic acid and ursolic acid as key compounds. Research suggests antiviral properties against herpes simplex and potential benefits for metabolic health.

Body Systems Affected

Cardiovascular: Traditionally used to support healthy blood pressure by softening blood vessels.

Immune: Supports general immune function; traditionally used at first signs of illness.

Integumentary: Applied externally for wounds, burns, and skin irritations.

Hepatic: In TCM, used to clear excess heat from the liver and benefit the eyes.

Safety Information

Generally regarded as safe when used appropriately. No significant adverse effects reported in traditional use.

Pregnancy/Nursing: Insufficient data; consult a qualified practitioner before use.

Drug interactions: May theoretically interact with blood pressure medications and anticoagulants due to its hypotensive and potential blood-thinning effects.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 4-9. Extremely adaptable and hardy.

Light: Full sun to partial shade. Tolerates a wide range of conditions.

Soil: Prefers moderately moist, well-drained soil but adapts to poor soils.

Sowing: Surface sow in spring or autumn. Seeds need light to germinate. Keep moist until established.

Spacing: 15-20cm apart. Will spread to form groundcover.

Harvesting

Part used: Aerial parts (flowering tops).

When to harvest: During full flowering, typically mid to late summer.

Method: Cut the upper third of the plant when flowers are at peak bloom.

Drying & Storage

Dry in a single layer in a warm, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. Alternatively, use a dehydrator at 35°C (95°F). Store dried herb in airtight glass containers in a cool, dark place. Properly stored, it retains potency for 1-2 years.