Burdock, Gobo

Burdock (Gobo)

Arctium lappa

Botanical Family: Asteraceae (Daisy family)

Botanical Description

Arctium lappa is a robust biennial growing 1-2 meters tall. Large, heart-shaped leaves with wavy margins can reach 50cm. The deep taproot – up to 1 meter long – is the primary edible and medicinal part. In the second year, purple thistle-like flowers appear, followed by the famous hooked burrs that attach to clothing and animal fur for seed dispersal.

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Alterative (blood purifier), diuretic, diaphoretic, mild laxative, prebiotic, antimicrobial.

Traditional uses: In Western herbalism, burdock is a premier “blood cleanser” used for skin conditions, arthritis, and general detoxification. In Japan (as “gobo”), it is a staple food prized for health benefits. In TCM, the seeds (Niu Bang Zi) are used for sore throats and skin eruptions.

Modern research: Contains inulin (prebiotic fiber), polyacetylenes, and lignans. Studies show potential for blood sugar regulation and antioxidant effects.

Body Systems Affected

Integumentary: Traditional remedy for eczema, psoriasis, acne, and other skin conditions.

Hepatic/Lymphatic: Supports liver function and lymphatic drainage.

Digestive: Prebiotic fiber supports gut microbiome; mild bitter aids digestion.

Urinary: Mild diuretic supports kidney function.

Safety Information

Very safe – consumed as food in significant quantities.

Allergies: Those allergic to Asteraceae family may react.

Pregnancy: Some sources advise caution due to potential uterine effects. Consult a practitioner.

Drug interactions: May affect blood sugar levels; diabetics should monitor.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 3-9. Very adaptable.

Light: Full sun to partial shade.

Soil: Deep, loose, fertile soil for best root development. Roots can grow over 1 meter deep.

Sowing: Direct sow in spring or autumn. Seeds germinate readily.

Spacing: 45-60cm apart.

Harvesting

Root: Harvest in autumn of first year for culinary use; autumn of first or spring of second year for medicine (before flowering).

Seeds: Collect when burrs are mature and dry.

Leaves: Young leaves can be used medicinally.

Drying & Storage

Slice fresh root thinly and dry at 40°C (104°F). Dried root should be crisp. Store in airtight containers for up to 2 years. Fresh root can also be stored in damp sand or refrigerated for several months.