Wood Betony

Wood Betony

Stachys officinalis (syn. Betonica officinalis)

Botanical Family: Lamiaceae (Mint family)

Botanical Description

Stachys officinalis is a neat perennial growing 30-60cm tall. The basal rosette of wrinkled, scalloped leaves gives rise to square stems bearing whorls of magenta-pink flowers in dense terminal spikes. The slightly aromatic leaves have a bitter taste.

Medicinal Actions

Primary actions: Nervine tonic, anxiolytic, bitter digestive, mild sedative, circulatory stimulant.

Traditional uses: One of the most important herbs in Anglo-Saxon and medieval medicine – an old Italian proverb says “Sell your coat and buy betony.” Used primarily for headaches, anxiety, and nervous tension. The 11th-century Lacnunga lists it for 29 different conditions.

Modern use: Underutilized but valuable for headaches (especially tension-type), anxiety, and as a grounding nervine for those “stuck in their head.”

Body Systems Affected

Nervous: Primary affinity – headaches, nervous tension, anxiety. Grounding effect.

Digestive: Bitter tonic; supports liver and digestion.

Circulatory: Mild circulatory stimulant.

Safety Information

Generally safe for most people.

Pregnancy: Traditionally avoided during pregnancy – potential uterine stimulant.

Blood pressure: May lower blood pressure; use cautiously with hypotension.

Growing Guide

Hardiness: Zones 4-8. Native European wildflower.

Light: Full sun to partial shade.

Soil: Average, well-drained soil. Tolerates poor soil.

Sowing: Sow in autumn or cold-stratified seed in spring.

Spacing: 30cm apart.

Harvesting

Part used: Aerial parts (leaves and flowering tops).

When to harvest: During flowering.

Drying & Storage

Dry at 35°C (95°F). Store in airtight containers for up to 1 year.